> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.monogoto.io/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.monogoto.io/getting-started/general-device-configurations/physical-ai.md). # Physical AI

### Overview Artificial Intelligence is rapidly moving beyond cloud-based applications into the physical world. Today’s AI systems are embedded in real-world devices such as robots, autonomous vehicles, industrial machines, and smart infrastructure. These systems, often referred to as **Physical AI** or **Edge AI**, do not operate in isolation. They require reliable, continuous connectivity to function effectively at scale. Connectivity is no longer an optional layer it is a **core component of the system architecture**. ### What is Physical AI? Physical AI refers to systems where AI models are deployed on devices that interact with the real world. Examples include: * Autonomous robots * Smart cameras * Industrial IoT systems * Connected vehicles * Remote monitoring devices Unlike traditional AI applications, these systems must: * Operate in dynamic environments * Make real-time decisions * Maintain constant communication with backend systems ### The Missing Layer: Connectivity While much of the industry focuses on: * AI models * GPUs and compute power * Edge processing A critical layer is often overlooked: 👉 **Connectivity 👈** Without reliable connectivity: * Devices cannot send telemetry * Remote management is not possible * AI models cannot be updated * Systems cannot be monitored or controlled As a result, many deployments fail when moving from **lab environments to real-world production**. ### Why Wi-Fi is Not Enough Congestion under density Wi-Fi relies on contention-based access (CSMA/CA), where devices compete for airtime. As density increases, collisions and retransmissions cause latency spikes and instability. Real-world performance: Wi-Fi vs Private 5G This behavior directly translates into measurable performance degradation:


Metric	Wi-Fi	Private 5G
Average latency	96.3 ms	18.5 ms
Maximum latency (tail)	975 ms	80 ms
Packet loss	~30%	<1%
Efficiency impact	30%+ loss from roaming	50% improvement

These differences are not incremental they fundamentally change system behavior at scale. Wi-Fi is commonly used in early-stage deployments and testing environments. However, it introduces significant limitations in real-world scenarios: * Limited coverage * Poor mobility support * Unreliable connections in outdoor environments * Infrastructure dependency > Wi-Fi covers a building. Physical AI operates in the real world. For production deployments, connectivity must support: * Mobility * Wide-area coverage * High reliability ### Cellular Connectivity as a Foundation Cellular connectivity provides the foundation required for Physical AI systems: * Global coverage * Seamless mobility * Reliable connectivity * Secure communication With cellular, devices can: * Stay connected across locations * Maintain persistent communication * Operate independently of local infrastructure ### Hybrid Connectivity Architecture The Combined Approach: Wi-Fi + Cellular


Use Case	Best Fit	Why
Safety heartbeats, fleet coordination	Cellular	Zero tolerance for packet loss or latency spikes
Teleoperation (human takes over)	Cellular	Guaranteed uplink via network slicing
Outdoor, yard, cross-building ops	Cellular	Coverage beyond facility walls
Large warehouses with mobility	Cellular	Seamless handover, no AP congestion cliffs
Multi-site or global fleet management	Cellular	One SIM, global identity, seamless roaming
Vehicles, construction, agriculture	Cellular + Satellite	Wide-area and remote — no Wi-Fi available
Surgical / medical robotics	Cellular	Interference-free dedicated spectrum, SLA guarantees
Bulk data offload while docked	Wi-Fi	High throughput, low cost, stationary
Model & firmware updates at base	Wi-Fi	Large downloads, non-time-critical
Pilot / POC (few machines, single site)	Wi-Fi	Fastest path to validation

Modern AI systems require a **hybrid connectivity approach**, combining multiple technologies: * Wi-Fi (local environments) * Cellular (wide-area connectivity) * Satellite (remote and fallback scenarios) This approach ensures: * Redundancy * Resilience * Continuous operation ### From Prototype to Production One of the biggest challenges in AI deployments is transitioning from **proof-of-concept (PoC)** to **production**. Many systems work in controlled environments but fail in real-world conditions due to: * Connectivity gaps * Network instability * Lack of remote management capabilities Designing connectivity as part of the system from the beginning is essential for successful deployment. ### Enabling Physical AI with Monogoto Monogoto provides the connectivity layer required to support Physical AI systems at scale. Using Monogoto, devices can: * [x] Connect globally via cellular networks * [x] Seamlessly switch between public and private networks * [x] Enable remote provisioning and management * [x] Maintain reliable communication across environments Typical implementation includes: * [x] Provisioning connectivity SIM profiles * [x] Configuring network access, policies, and routing * [x] Enabling device connectivity across public and private networks * [x] Monitoring, managing, and controlling devices via APIs and platform tools ### Practical Considerations When designing connectivity for Physical AI systems, consider: * Network availability in deployment regions * Mobility requirements * Power consumption constraints * Data usage and latency * Security and authentication Connectivity should be treated as a **first-class design parameter**, not an afterthought. #### Development Kits Supporting Cellular Modems Monogoto supports all certified cellular modems. The table below provides an overview of the tested and documented modems and development kits.


Physical AI	Cellular Modem	Chipset	Technology
	Quectel BG95-M3 Quectel EG25-G SIMCom SIM7600G-H SIMCom SIM8230G Quectel RM520N-GL	Qualcomm	LTE Cat-M1 / NB-IoT LTE Cat-4 LTE Cat-4 5G RedCap 5G Sub-6

### Summary Physical AI systems rely on more than just compute and models. They require: * Reliable connectivity * Scalable network architecture * Continuous communication 🔘 Connectivity is the layer that enables AI systems to operate in the real world.