LTE bands

Introduction

LTE (Long Term Evolution) bands are essential resources managed and auctioned by governments to mobile network operators (MNOs). These operators deploy radio networks within the bands they have acquired to provide wireless communication services. Understanding these bands and their characteristics is crucial for deploying efficient and reliable LTE networks, especially for IoT (Internet of Things) applications.

LTE bands are categorized into low, mid, and high bands, each offering distinct advantages:

• Low Bands (e.g., 700 MHz, 800 MHz): Known for their excellent coverage capabilities, low bands can penetrate buildings and cover wide areas, making them ideal for rural and suburban deployment.

• Mid-Bands (e.g., 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz): These bands offer a balance between coverage and capacity, providing higher speeds and lower latency, suitable for urban areas where demand for data is high.

• Sub-6 GHz Bands: These include bands like B42 (3.5 GHz), B40 (2.3 GHz), and B38 (2.6 GHz).

• • Advantages: Sub-6 GHz bands offer higher data rates and lower latency compared to low bands, while still providing decent coverage. They are essential for 5G deployment, enabling enhanced mobile broadband and supporting high-density environments.

IoT Bands: CAT-M and NB-IoT

IoT-specific bands, such as CAT-M (LTE-M) and NB-IoT, are designed to support a wide range of IoT applications by providing enhanced coverage and long battery life.

• North American Bands: Common bands for IoT in North America include B2 (1900 MHz), B4 (1700/2100 MHz), and B12 (700 MHz).

• European Bands: In Europe, popular IoT bands include B20 (800 MHz), B8 (900 MHz), and B3 (1800 MHz).

Selecting a Module

When choosing a module for deployment in a specific country, it is crucial to ensure that the module supports the LTE bands used by operators in that region. Module makers typically offer region-specific modules that support all operators within the region, and sometimes global modules that support a broader range of bands.

• Region-Specific Modules: Designed to support all operators within a specific region, ensuring compatibility and ease of deployment.

• Global Modules: These modules support a wide range of bands, making them versatile for international use but often at a higher cost.

Antenna Settings

Each LTE band operates at a different frequency, requiring specific antenna settings to optimize performance. Proper antenna configuration is essential to maximize coverage, speed, and reliability of the LTE network.

Private LTE Networks

Private LTE networks are gaining popularity for specialized applications. In the EU, Band 31 (450 MHz) is commonly used for low-band private LTE networks, while in North America, Band 8 (900 MHz) is favored. For high-capacity private networks and 5G applications, Band 41 (2500 MHz) is popular in the EU, and Band 48 (CBRS 3.5 GHz) is widely used in the US.

Conclusion

Understanding LTE bands and their applications is essential for deploying effective wireless communication networks. By selecting the right bands, modules, and antenna settings, organizations can ensure optimal performance and coverage for both public and private LTE networks.